hexo部署私人服务器

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一、开始

配置本地 node 环境

  1. node下载 官网下载，可以的话推荐使用 nvm 安装

  2. 安装记得把目录改到其他盘，这里我具体是在 D:\programming\nodejs

打开cmd查看node安装情况

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node -v
npm -v
  1. 配置全局环境

进入安装目录，创建文件夹node_global和node_cache 并执行

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npm config set prefix "D:\programming\nodejs\node_global"
npm config set cache "D:\programming\nodejs\node_cache"

环境配置：新增环境变量NODE_PATH和添加Path，两个值都为 D:\programming\nodejs\node_global

  1. 安装hexo-cli
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npm i hexo-cli -g
hexo

如果显示下面情况，恭喜你成功全局模块调用

  1. 如果出现命令未找到，或不是可执行程序，别着急！先仔细重复 3-4 步，一般是能够给解决的，如果实在是不能解决，往后看

  2. 随便找个地方初始化文件，执行如下命令：

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mkdir hexo-blog
cd hexo-blog && npm init -y

现在有 3 种解决方法，任选其一

  • 法 1：检查全局目录是否的hexo模块，执行如下命令：
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D:\programming\nodejs\node_global\hexo
  • 法 2：如果觉得每次加前缀麻烦，使用link命令链接
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npm link hexo

package.json 中新建脚本如下

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npm run hexo
  • 法 3：你还可以直接在hexo-blog中下载
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npm i hexo-cli
# 还是要在package.json中新建脚本
npm run hexo

初始化hexo项目

  1. 如果是按照上一节步骤 4 过来的，则在hexo-blog文件下初始化
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hexo init myblog && cd myblog
npm i
  1. 下载主题
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git clone https://github.com/iissnan/hexo-theme-next themes/next

在本地配置文件中设置theme属性

  1. 本地执行hexo项目，添加start脚本
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npm start

打开 http://localhost:4000 验证效果吧

git环境搭建

  1. git安装：官网下载

  2. 生成ssh认证，执行如下命令

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git config --global user.name "yourname"
git config --global user.email "youremail@example.com"
ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "youremail@example.com"
# 禁用自动转换，这个不设置后面上传时会出现警告
git config --global core.autocrlf false

最后获取到的ssh认证在C:\Users\yourname\.ssh中

三、服务器配置

搭建远程Git私库

  1. 登录到远程服务器，推荐使用Xshell 5

  2. 安装 git

CentOS

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# 如无，则安装
git --version
yum install curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel perl-devel
yum install -y git

Ubuntu

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# 如无，则安装
git --version
sudo apt-get update
apt install git
  1. 创建用户并配置其仓库
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useradd git
# 设置密码
passwd git
# 这步很重要，不切换用户后面会很麻烦
su git
cd /home/git/
# 项目存在的真实目录
mkdir -p projects/blog
mkdir repos && cd repos
# 创建一个裸露的仓库
git init --bare blog.git
cd blog.git/hooks
# 创建 hook 钩子函数，输入了内容如下
vi post-receive
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#!/bin/sh
git --work-tree=/home/git/projects/blog --git-dir=/home/git/repos/blog.git checkout -f

添加完毕后修改权限

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chmod +x post-receive
# 退出到 root 登录
exit
# 添加权限
chown -R git:git /home/git/repos/blog.git
  1. 测试git仓库是否可用，另找空白文件夹
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git clone git@{server_ip}:/home/git/repos/blog.git

如果能把空仓库拉下来，就说明 git 仓库搭建成功了

  1. 建立ssh信任关系，在本地电脑
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ssh-copy-id -i C:/Users/{yourname}/.ssh/id_rsa.pub git@{server_ip}
# 测试能否登录
ssh git@{server_ip}

注：此时的 ssh 登录 git 用户不需要密码！否则就有错，请仔细重复步骤 3-5

  1. 为了安全起见禁用 git 用户的 shell 登录权限，从而只能用 git clone，git push 等登录
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# 查看 git-shell 是否在登录方式里面
cat /etc/shells
# 查看是否安装
which git-shell
# 添加上2步显示出来的路劲，通常在 /usr/bin/git-shell
vi /etc/shells

修改/etc/passwd中的权限

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# 将原来的
git:x:1001:1001::/home/git:/bin/bash

# 修改为
git:x:1001:1001:,,,:/home/git:/usr/bin/git-shell

搭建nginx服务器

  1. 下载并安装nginx
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cd /usr/local/src
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.15.2.tar.gz
tar xzvf nginx-1.15.2.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.15.2

Ubuntu系统需要的依赖库

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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install libtool
sudo apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev
sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
sudo apt-get install openssl
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
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# 如果后面还想要配置 SSL 协议，就执行后面一句！
./configure
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-file-aio --with-http_realip_module
make && make install
# 为 nginx 取别名，后面可直接用。用户登出失效，可以修改新增到 `~/.bashrc` 文件
alias nginx='/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx'
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alias nginx='/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx'

执行文件

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source ~/.bashrc
  1. 配置nginx文件

先启动是否安装成功

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# 直接来！浏览器查看 server_ip，默认是 80 端口
nginx

修改配置文件

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nginx -s stop // 先停止nginx
cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
vi nginx.conf
# 修改 root 解析路径，如下图
# 同时将 user 改为 root 如下图，不然nginx无法访问 /home/git/projects/blog
nginx -s reload

http配置

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user  root;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   /home/git/projects/blog;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

https配置

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user  root;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen        80;
        server_name   aliatry.com;
		
        rewrite       ^/(.*) https://$host$1 permanent;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            #root   /home/git/projects/blog;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    server {
        listen       443 ssl;
        server_name  aliatry.com;

        ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout  5m;

        ssl_ciphers  ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

        ssl_protocols     TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;

        location / {
            root   /home/git/projects/blog;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
    }

}

四、发布

至此我们就把本地和服务器的环境全部搭建完成，现在利用 hexo 配置文件进行链接

配置_config.yml文件

  1. 编辑 _config.yml 的 deploy 属性
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deploy:
  type: git
  branch: master
  repository: 
    server: git@server_ip:/home/git/repos/blog.git
  1. 在 package.json 中添加 npm 脚本
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"scripts": {
  "deploy": "hexo clean && hexo g -d",
  "start": "hexo clean && hexo g && hexo s"
},
  1. 链接！这下在本地调试就用npm start，调试好了就上传到服务器，美滋滋~快通过你的服务器 ip 访问吧
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npm run deploy